Reproduced from: https://www.thelancet.com/commissions/global-syndemic
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
- A Policy Brief for national and municipal governments, civil society, funders, businesses, and international agencies
- The Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change: The Lancet Commission report
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- The obesity pandemic
- Re-thinking obesity: The Global Syndemic and complex adaptive systems
- The Global Syndemic
- Complex adaptive systems
- Food systems as syndemic drivers
- Transportation, urban design, and land use as syndemic drivers
- Country contexts for action
- Strengthening public sector governance
- Governance challenges
- Right to wellbeing
- A Framework Convention on Food Systems
- Global to local implementation
- Private-sector challenges
- Reducing power imbalances and conflicts of interest
- Business models for the 21st century
- Drivers of corporate performance
- Measures of corporate performance
- Business-driven mechanisms to re-orient markets and corporations
- Government-driven mechanisms to re-orient markets and corporations
- Investor-driven mechanisms to re-orient markets and corporations
- Small and medium enterprises
- Civil society-driven mechanisms to re-orient markets and corporations
- Mobilising civil society
- Accountability systems
- Strategic funding
- Strategic research
- Recommendations
- Six underlying principles
- Actions to maximise impact on The Global Syndemic
- Think in Global Syndemic terms
- Join up the silos of thinking and action
- Strengthen national and international agency governance levers
- Strengthen municipal governance levers
- Strengthen civil society engagement
- Reduce the influence of large commercial interests on public policy development
- Strengthen accountability systems
- Sustainable and health-promoting business models for the 21st century
- Focus research on The Global Syndemic determinants and actions
- Future monitoring
- Contributors
- Declaration of interests
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Supplementary Material
- Appendix 1: The Lancet Commission on Obesity and the Sustainable Development Goals
- Appendix 2: Complex pathways from climate/weather variability to undernutrition in poor rural farming households
- Appendix 3: Indicators by region and country of obesity, underweight, greenhouse gas emissions, gross domestic product, and income inequalities (GINI coefficient)
- Appendix 4: Potential activities, partners and double- or triple-duty actions according to program or policy interventions
- Appendix 5: Identifying double- or triple-duty policy actions
- Appendix 6: Nutrition recommendations, drawn from High Level Panel of Experts Nutrition and Food Systems Report, scored for potential impact on Climate Change mitigation and adaptation
- Appendix 7: Public Health Responsibility Deal
- Appendix 8: UK structured approach to reducing sugar in the food supply
- Appendix 9: Urban agriculture in Havana
- Appendix 10: Physical activity recommendations, drawn from the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (2017), scored for potential impact on climate change mitigation and adaptation
- Appendix 11: Analysis of the global governance for nutrition
- Appendix 12: Criteria for new global health treaties and counter-arguments
- Appendix 13: Examples of influential frames used in various countries
- Appendix 14: Policy frameworks to address obesity
- Appendix 15: Cultural preferences and perceptions of body size.
- Appendix 16: State-led case study – Healthy Together Victoria
- Appendix 17: Community-led case study – South-West Victoria
- Appendix 18: Proposed country scorecard for comparing upstream indicators on food policies and environments
- Appendix 19: Indicators of policies to support active environments
- Appendix 20: Upstream monitoring – lessons from HIV/AIDS and tobacco prevention monitoring
- Appendix 21: Role of development agencies and the flows of global aid for health
- References