Valid argument: An interpretation of a valid argument schema. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Valid argument schema: An argument form or skeleton such that if its variables are appropriately replaced making all its premises true, then its conclusion must be true (assuming no methodological flaws in the argument). Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume… Read More

Validation of particular rules: Showing that the rules are warranted by more general rules. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Validity: From the Latin, validus, or strong, usually reduced to rigorous logical consistency of inferences from premises (philosophy) or replicatable demonstration of empirical claims (science), with neither required to be consistent with life requirements. By life-coherence principle, requires not only consistency of statements with each other and empirical evidence, but with the reproduction of life support… Read More

Value compossibility: The compatibility of formerly competing or traded-off goods yielding more coherently inclusive value provision (e.g., housing development including preservation of natural environments for multiplied value). Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of… Read More

Value neutrality: A standard which is claimed when a value-system is so deeply taken for granted that its outcomes appear as non-normative although achieved by the regulation of strict criteria of value and value judgment (e.g., the canons of scientific method). A fallacious standard which is claimed when a value-system is so deeply taken for… Read More

Value syntax: Organizing principles of pro-and-con meaning, prescription, position and transformation which regulate the value system of a social order, but which are presupposed as necessary and good by those it regulates, (and may be invisible to those who presuppose it.) When the syntax is locked against change or deviation, it is a value mechanism.… Read More

Value-system: Any stable set of regulators of judgment and action, whether or not the value deciders are recognized. Values which cohere as a stable set of regulators of judgment and action whether or not the value deciders are consciously recognized. An interconnected network of goods and bads that determines the motivations of individual moral agents. Source: ‘What… Read More

Verifiability theory: Proposed criterion of empirical meaningfulness for sentences, based on their complete verifiability by observation sentences. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Vice: blameworthy trait of character or habit of action or inaction. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.