A-posteriori: knowledge, understanding or justification derived from sensory experience. “After the fact”, dependent on sense experience. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.
LIFE-VALUE ONTO-AXIOLOGY and HEALTH PROMOTION Glossary
A-priori
A-priori: knowledge, understanding or justification derived independently of sensory experience. Derived independently of sense experience e.g., 2+2=4. Truth by definition and tautological deduction is the mathematical model, but presuppositions are often falsely assumed a-priori. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III,… Read More
Advocacy
Advocacy for health: A combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy support, social acceptance and systems support for a particular health goal or programme. Reference: Report of the Inter-Agency Meeting on Advocacy Strategies for Health and Development: Development Communication in Action. WHO, Geneva, 1995 Such action may be taken by… Read More
Aesthetic
Aesthetic: In general, aesthetic refers to the human capacity to sense and intuit the world around it. The aesthetic is thus the domain of affective response to, as opposed to active cognition of, the surrounding world. As used here, the aesthetic relationship to nature is opposed to the instrumental control over nature; aesthetically conceived, the… Read More
Aesthetics
Aesthetics: philosophy of art and of the aesthetic experience. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.
Agent-relative
Agent-relative: A standard philosophical term signifying individual choice as in “agent-relative ethics” which standardly assumes that choice-agency is restricted to individual persons. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.
Agnosticism
Agnosticism: doctrine according to which human reason is incapable of demonstrating either the existence of divinity or the non-existence of divinity. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.
Agrarianism
Agrarianism: social, political and philosophical movements recommending equitable distribution of land, agrarian reform and/or bucolic life. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.
Alienation
Alienation: In Marx, the state of being dominated by one’s own vital, creative capabilities, as a consequence of forms of social organizationin which reified powers like money rule over human needs. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in… Read More
Alliance
Alliance: An alliance for health promotion is a partnership between two or more parties that pursue a set of agreed upon goals in health promotion. Reference: new definition Alliance building will often involve some form of mediation between the different partners in the definition of goals and ethical ground rules, joint action areas, and agreement on the form of… Read More