Valid argument: An interpretation of a valid argument schema. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Valid argument schema: An argument form or skeleton such that if its variables are appropriately replaced making all its premises true, then its conclusion must be true (assuming no methodological flaws in the argument). Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume… Read More

Validation of particular rules: Showing that the rules are warranted by more general rules. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Validity: From the Latin, validus, or strong, usually reduced to rigorous logical consistency of inferences from premises (philosophy) or replicatable demonstration of empirical claims (science), with neither required to be consistent with life requirements. By life-coherence principle, requires not only consistency of statements with each other and empirical evidence, but with the reproduction of life support… Read More