Fallacy: invalid argument, aporetic reasoning. In ordinary language, a mistaken belief, e.g., the “Gambler’s fallacy” — the belief that a certain combination of die can be “due to come up” in the next toss.” In the study of argumentation (argumentation theory), a fallacy is a recurrent flaw of reasoning. Originally, Aristotle uses the Greek term translated… Read More

Fallibilism: Any position which is open to the possibility that it could be mistaken. Advanced religions like Buddhism and Unitarianism acknowledge this fallibility. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford,… Read More

False religion: The defining master principle of false religion across cultures is that a human group solicits special favor from an assumed non-human almighty to conquer declared enemies for major material acquisition from them by the power of this God who is worshipped in return. More exactly, false religion involves (1) the continual sacrifice of others’ lives or life conditions… Read More

Falsifiability theory: Proposed criterion of empirical meaningfulness for sentences, based on their falsifiability by observation sentences. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11.