Money is often treated as a neutral medium of exchange, a technical instrument of accounting, or a scarce commodity that societies must acquire before they can act. Yet the history of money, debt, banking, public finance, and digital currency reveals a deeper pattern. Finance is a symbolic system for coordinating trust, obligation, risk, time, power, and future possibility (Graeber, 2011; Ingham, 2004; Zelizer, 1994). It is one of civilization’s most consequential organs of structural coupling: it shapes what societies perceive as possible, whom they recognize as creditworthy, what futures they fund, what harms they discount, what debts they enforce, what losses they forgive, and what forms of life they allow to flourish or abandon.
This white paper develops a life-coherent framework for understanding finance through an integrated lens informed by Humberto Maturana’s biology of cognition and structural coupling, John McMurtry’s life-value onto-axiology, and Johan Galtung’s theory of structural violence (Galtung, 1969, 1990, 1996; Maturana & Varela, 1980, 1992; McMurtry, 1998, 1999, 2013). It brings these into dialogue with the anthropology of debt, the history of compound interest, credit-creation theories of banking, Modern Monetary Theory, ecological economics, feminist care economics, commons governance, financial instability theory, legal theories of capital, offshore political economy, shadow banking analysis, and the emerging literature on cryptocurrency, stablecoins, central bank digital currencies, and programmable money (Bank for International Settlements, 2025; Financial Stability Board, 2023, 2024; Folbre, 2001; Graeber, 2011; Hudson, 2018; Minsky, 1986, 1992; Ostrom, 1990; Pistor, 2019; Wray, 2015).
The central argument is that finance becomes life-coherent when money and credit remain accountable to the life-capacity required to honor them. It becomes structurally violent when financial claims detach from the life-ground and compel persons, communities, ecosystems, and future generations to serve the self-expansion of money-sequences. The paper proposes a diagnostic principle: no financial claim is legitimate beyond the life-capacity of the persons, communities, ecosystems, and future generations required to bear it. This principle enables a unified evaluation of debt, interest, banking, sovereign finance, taxation, pensions, asset management, offshore tax havens, digital currency, artificial intelligence in finance, climate finance, and public investment.
The paper concludes by outlining the foundations of life-coherent financing: public-purpose credit creation, debt relief where claims exceed life-capacity, tax justice, care-centered investment, commons-supporting financial institutions, ecological budgeting, mission-oriented public finance, complementary currencies, democratic digital monetary infrastructure, and safeguards against programmable financial domination. The aim is not to abolish money or romanticize premodern exchange, but to re-embed finance within the living systems it must serve.