The following is an excerpt from: Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1987). The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. Boston, MA, US: New Science Library/Shambhala Publications. pp 997-999 Altruism and Selfishness A study of the ontogenic couplings between organisms and an assessment of their great universality and variety point to a… Read More
Explaining Altruism: A New Defence of Group Selection By Keyana C. Sapp MScR Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh 1. Abstract When providing explanations of cooperation in nature, evolutionary biologists draw upon three distinct selective pressures. They are direct benefits, reciprocal altruism and kin selection. They are useful for the explanation of both human and… Read More
A JUSTIFICATION OF SOCIETAL ALTRUISM ACCORDING TO THE MEMETIC APPLICATION OF HAMILTON’S RULE. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Conf/MemePap/Evers.html By: John R. Evers I. Introduction: Genes and Altruism Charles Darwin described the sterility of certain castes of social insects, and more generally, the reproductive self-sacrifice such organisms represented, as “one special difficulty, which at first appeared to me insuperable, and… Read More
Source: Holt-LunstadJ, Smith TB, Layton JB (2010) Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review. PLOS Medicine 7(7): e1000316.
https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
