Inclusivity principle: The more coherently inclusive the taking account of in thought, feeling and action, the higher the value understanding. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Induction: process of deriving general principles from aggregated particular observations. An argument whose premise(s) are supposed to make its conclusion more or less acceptable or probable. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life… Read More

Induction by elimination: A method of discovering true scientific hypotheses (including laws and theories) based on the elimination of false hypotheses from a set of relevant alternatives. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of… Read More

Induction by enumeration: A method of scientific discovery of universal generalizations (e.g., All S are P) based on the enumeration of particular claims (e.g., Some observed S are P). Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership… Read More

Induction/Inductive Logic: Typically contrasted with deduction, inductive reasoning or induction is reasoning in which the conclusion follows from the premises, often with some assignable degree of probability or likelihood. One type of inductive inference is a generalization from the observed properties of a subset of a group to the conclusion that those properties will be found,… Read More

Inductive statistical explanation: Type of covering law model which assumes the argument form required is an inductively valid one. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Infinite: Life-value onto-axiology distinguishes between the regressive infinite (infinite divisions into infinitesimally smaller units) and the progressive infinite (infinite extension of human consciousness and material universe). Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of… Read More

Informal Logic: The logic concerned with natural language argumentation. According to the authors, informal logic is the branch of logic whose task is to develop non-rigid formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism and construction of argumentation in everyday discourse and in disciplined inquiry. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time,… Read More

Informally fallacious argument: An argument with a false premise or methodological flaw. Circular arguments are informally defective but formally valid. Source: ‘What is Good? What is Bad? The Value of All Values across Time, Place and Theories’ by John McMurtry, Philosophy and World Problems, Volume I-III, UNESCO in partnership with Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems: Oxford, 2004-11. 

Infrastructure for health promotion: Those human and material resources, organizational and administrative structures, policies, regulations and incentives which facilitate an organized health promotion response to public health issues and challenges. Reference: new definition Such infrastructures may be found through a diverse range of organizational structures, including primary health care, government, private sector and nongovernmental organizations,… Read More